Berlin
-Capital of Germany-1237 Was eventually taken as the year of founding of Berlin-"Excavations from 2008 suggest that the city may be even older than was previously assumed: state archaeologists have discovered an oak beam that probably dates back to 1183."(Source)- The 12th and 13th Centuries were the initial beginning and buildup of the city-1307 Berlin and Cölln form a union together. They ran as independent cities under a united front. The advantages of this were that they looked larger to the outside community.-By the early 1400's the combined population of Berlin and Cölln are around 8,000 people-In 1576 nearly 4,000 people died of Bubonic Plague.-Roughly around 1600 there was a combined population of only 12,000 people.-1618-1648 Thirty Years War, This war was a major conflict in Central Europe(mainly current day Germany) that involved most of the European Countries. It started as a religious war, then shifted to a political power grab, between a few of the countries. When all was said and done, Berlin had lost a third of their houses and close to half of their entire population.-In 1701 Elector Frederick III crowned himself King of Prussia and announced he had deemed Berlin the capital.-1806 Napoleon and his troops march into Berlin and Occupy it with french reign until 1808.-1809 Berlin is granted with the ability to self govern. They picked their first Mayoral candidate, who had to be approved by the king.-1848 The german people revolt against the government because they are having their rights infringed upon. This war lasts less than a year.-1869 Red Town Hall is built, still used to this day.-1871 Berlin becomes the capital of the German Reich. This boost in political status, industrialization, and the economic boom of the next few decades give rise to many new businesses in the city. Berlin becomes the empire’s political, economic, and scientific capital(Source)-1900- Berlin and surrounding areas amass a population of 2.5 Million People.-1914-1918 Berlin's people are starving due to World War I going on. Massive strikes ensued.-1929 The country is dramatically affected by the great depression, very similar to situations in the U.S. at the time.-1933 Adolf Hitler intertwines Socialism into the German Political system. This is the end of Democracy.1935-1936 Berlin creates the worlds first tv broadcast. In 1936 Berlin hosts the olympics.-1939-World War II begins-1945 Hitler commits suicide as World War II comes to an end for Berlin.1961- Political and governmental controversies lead to the creation of the Berlin Wall.-1989 Berlin wall comes down.-1990- Unification takes place and Germany is given full sovereignty1995- Berlins Constitution is approved and passed with a 75% approval rating.-2006-Germany holds the World cup.-2012-Berlin celebrates its 775th Anniversary
Brandenburg
-Outskirts and country land of and around Berlin.
-In the 7th Century Slavic people are in Brandenburg area.
-10th Century Henry the Fowler conquered the slavic people and took them under margraves control.
-16th and 17th Centuries Brandenburg has some very influential leaders and are fairly successful at land grabs. They grow increasingly in size.
-1700's Germany and Prussia become one forming the Kingdom of Prussia
-1881- Berlin is separated from the Province of Brandenburg
-1925- Brandenburg has a population of 2.5 Million
-1939-1945 World War II takes place and wipes out most of Brandenburg's Native german population.
-1947 Prussia falls
-1952 Brandenburg is divided into districts
1990- Brandenburg was reestablished but was devastated by joblessness and economic hard times. Reunification takes place.
Current day- All roads to Berlin go through the beautiful countryside of Brandenburg. The capital city is Potsdam. "People:Population (2013): 2,5 million Religions: 17.8% Protestants, 2.2% Roman Catholic, 78.9% no religious affiliation." (Source)
As you know we are comparing between Berlin and Brandenburg.
I will talk about the populations and the biggest cities on these two states:-
First, let me introduce Berlinto you. “Berlin is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city.” Also. Berlin is one of the most multiculturalcities where that carrying foreign passports are more than 470,000 people of the3.4 million people citizenship. There are long periods of time since the residentsof more than 184 countries. In additions, Berlin is located to the east ofGermany in central Europe. However, it is the second biggest city in Europe after Landen city.
Second state is Brandenburg, “It lies in the east of the country and is one of the federal states that was re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. Brandenburg surrounds but does not include the national capital and city-state Berlin”. However, the captil of the state is Potsdam with a population of 2.45 million.
References
Berlin
- Berlin is the capital and the biggest city of Germany. The region is both the capital and city-state of Germany that hosts the German executive office.
- Political affiliation in Berlin lies between two parties: coalition of the Social Democratic party and the Christian Democratic Union, as well as the Pirate Party. These two parties are responsible for all political activities practiced in the city (Habermas 66).
- Berlin has many religious groups; however, 60% of locals are not affiliated to any religious group, thereby being described as atheists. With the few believers, majority is comprised of Protestants, followed by Roman Catholics, and Muslims.
- In terms of culture, the world recognizes Berlin in terms of cultural and creative industries (Habermas 78). Berlin has major cultural institutions with developing music, art scene, and dance in the 21st century. Currently, the city is considered one of the entertainment centres of Europe.
Brandenburg
- Brandenburg an der Havel, or simply Brandenburg, is a city in the Brandenburg state. Political affiliations of the region consist in three major parties: the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the Left Party, and the Christian Democratic Union. The three parties are responsible for all political activities happening in the region (Nations Online Project).
- Most of the citizens of Brandenburg are non-religious, amounting to 79.8% of the locals. However, few are affiliated to Evangelical Church, Roman Catholic, and a small proportion being Muslims.
- Brandenburg is also considered as a cultural centre. The city has various architectural buildings associated with Prussian royalty. In addition, the city hosts many musical festivals. The diversity in cultural activities within the region helps in building the image of Brandenburg as one of the cultural centres in Germany(Nations Online Project).
Works Cited
Habermas, Jürgen. A Berlin Republic: Writings on Germany. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Print.
Nations Online Project. Brandenburg. n.d. 4 September 2014 <http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/Germany/brandenburg.htm>.
Berlin
- The Berlin Museumsinsel is a complex of buildings composed of different individual museums which have both historical and artistic importance.
- It is located in the heart of the city.
- Built between 1824 and 1930 by Prussian architects
- The art museum is owes its origins to the Age of Enlightenment and extends to all people to the French Revolution.
- The Altes Museum was built to the designs of Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1824-28.
- 1866, when the Nationalgalerie, the work of Johann Heinrich Strack, was built.
- Two more decades passed before the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum (now the Bodemuseum) was built in 1897-1904 to the designs of Ernst von Ihne
- It has a total of 5 buildings The Altes Museum, Neues Museum, the Nationalgalerie, The Bodemuseum, and the Pergamonmuseum
- In Germany, preserving and maintaining monuments is the responsibility of the Federal States
- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the lead organization for Germany’s cooperation with UNESCO
- UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- Founded November 4th 1946
To date, 39 German sites have been included on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with the years they were founded some are listed below
Aachen Cathedral (World Heritage site since 1978)
Speyer Cathedral (1981)
Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square (1981)
Pilgrimage Church of Wies (1983)
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (1990)
Abbey of Lorsch (1991)
Mines of Rammelsberg, Historic Town of Goslar and Upper Harz Water Management System (1992)
Wartburg Castle (1999)
Ancient Beech Forests of Germany (2011),
Fagus Factory in Alfeld (2011),
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps (2011),
Margravial Opera House Bayreuth (2012),
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe (2013),
Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey (2014)
Brandenburg
- 500 hectares of parks and 150 buildings constructed between 1730 and 1916
- Located in Potsdam
- built by Frederick II between 1745 and 1747.
- The 290 ha park was laid out around several buildings. Symmetrically surrounding the castle to the East and the West
- After the Seven Years War (1756-63) Frederick the Great ordered the construction of the New Palace, a huge Rococo-style construction with over 200 rooms
- Extends into the district of Berlin-Zehlendorf, with the palaces and parks line the banks of the River Havel and Lake Glienicke.
- Voltaire himself stayed at Sans-Souci Palace.
- Potsdam, which was mentioned first in the 10th century, became much more important as a city when the Great Elector of Brandenburg, Frederick William (1620-88) established his residence there.
- Potsdam housed a small garrison of troops starting from 1640 up to modern times; Potsdams military function was strengthened by the Prussians
Most of Berlin's economy runs on the service sector with maybe 80% of all companies offering some sort of service. Some important major industries in Berlin include Life Sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, hotel business, and medical engineering. Creative arts and entertainment are also major keystone industries in Berlin as it generates "18.6 billion Euros in total revenue." Overall Berlin has a growing economy that will continue to push boundaries and set new standards.
During the industrial revolution Berlin became Germany's main rail hub and a center of locomotive manufacturing. The city was a leader in manufacturing machinery and eventually developed an important Chemical industry. As the end of the 19th century drew near Berlin became a world leader in in the electrical equipment industry. Around the 1930's the city's main industry became weapon production while under the rule of the Nazi's.
Brandenburg has quite a varied industrial base in Germany with industries like engineering, steelmaking, metalworking, paper production, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, and energy production from Liginite which is a form of coal. Due to Brandenburg completely surrounding Berlin and its rural geography it is also a major transportation hub in central Europe with connections to Eastern and Western Europe. Renewable energies and power equipment are starting to take root as well in Brandenburg.
As of this moment there are no past industries worth noting in Brandenburg's history. This is due to lack of information on the internet, possibly because of destroyed documents during the soviet reign over the region and the recovering economy after the reunification. Overall the information could not be found and is likely nonexistent.
links:http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/wirtschaft/berliner_wirtschaft.en.html
http://www.berlin.de/wirtschaft/wirtschaftsstandort/index.en.php
http://www.businesslocationcenter.de/industry-sector?closed=1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Berlin
http://www.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.413681.de
http://www.ccpitbj.org/web/static/articles/catalog_ff8080813909ead701397543fbec0662/article_2c90948a39281916013928191b19000a/ff8080813909ead701398ec0cf5f08dc.pdf
BERLIN
· CULINARY SPECIALTIES
Due to the fact that it is the capital, there is a diversity of dishes found in Berlin.
Wiener schnitzel (Viennese veal scallop): This is a dish made of a thin piece of meat, commonly veal cutlets but other meats such as beef, chicken, pork can be used. The meat is dipped into beaten eggs, flour, and breadcrumbs, then lightly fried in a combination of oil and butter.
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Kasseler Rippchen: This dish is pork chops that are slightly smoked and ripened in salt brine (salty water).
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Berliner: This is a pastry that is similar to doughnut. Berliners are made with a sweet yeast-dough and fried. Then they are filled with jam or vanilla cream 9usually in another region of Germany called Bavaria). Finally, powder sugar or icing is sprinkled on top of the pastry.
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Hoppelpoppel: This is a typical dish from Berlin. It is made with leftover meat, scrambled eggs, potatoes, tomatoes, and onions. It is eaten for supper or lunch.
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- TURKISH CULTURE IN BERLIN
_ Over five percent of Berlin’s population is made of people of Turkish descent. The oldest Turkish cemetery for Muslims in Germany was founded in 1863.
_ German and Turkey, which both did not officially exist back in 1761 made a trade agreement to stand against Austria but this collaboration did not last. Even so, there were cultural changes in Germany after Turks’ arrival. For instance, Turkish weddings, which differ from traditional German weddings are spread out in Berlin. Another example is Turkish dishes such as the Döner kebab (gyros), which is often made of lamb, but in some cases with beef, veal or chicken. The meat is cooked on a vertical rotisserie. It is then served wrapped in a flatbread or as a sandwich with veggies such as tomatoes, onions and fries.
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BRANDENBURG
· CULINARY SPECIALTIES
In Brandenburg a high percentage of ingredients are obtained locally. Potato is one of the most common ingredients used throughout Germany and it is a main ingredient in Brandenburg cooking.
Kartoffelpuffer (potato pancakes): These pancakes are made with either raw or cooked potatoes combined with eggs and flour then pan-fried. They usually are accompanied with apple sauce, peaches, or other fruits. They also can be eaten with meat or seafood such as smoked salmon.
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Sauerkraut (sour cabbage): This is made with thinly sliced and fermented green cabbage. The fermentation process is done with lactic acid bacteria. After fermentation the cabbage is sour. This dish can be eaten raw or cooked with meat in the form of sausage. It is very high in nutrients.
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· TURKISH CULTURE IN BRANDENBURG
_ The Turkish Union in Berlin-Brandenburg was founded in 1991 to represent the rights of citizens of Turkish origin.
_ German-Turkish Co-production Development Fund supports the development of projects made by German and Turkish producers. Each year, approximately 150 000 Euros (approx. $193,946) are collected to support this Co-production.
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The Golden Twenties Of Berlin
Berlin in the 1920’s was a vibrant city with sophisticated and innovative culture in and around Berlin. Berlin had a verity of literature, film, music, and painting. These people below were some of the trailblazers in literature, film, and music.
